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The Cognitive Foundations and Epistemology of Arithmetic and Geometry
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-24 8:26)
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The Cognitive Foundations and Epistemology of Arithmetic and Geometry How is knowledge of arithmetic and geometry developed and acquired? In the tradition established by Plato and often associated with Kant, the epistemology of mathematics has been focused on a priori approaches, which take mathematical knowledge and its study to be essentially independent of sensory experience. … Continue reading The Cognitive Foundations and Epistemology of Arithmetic and Geometry →
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Medieval Theories of Singular Terms
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-23 14:59)
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[Revised entry by Julie Brumberg-Chaumont and E. Jennifer Ashworth on July 22, 2024.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
A singular term is a term such as a proper name, a demonstrative pronoun, like 'this [one]' ('hic' in Latin), or a combination of a demonstrative pronoun and a common name, like ('this man'), ('hic homo' in Latin). This is the stable list of discrete terms we find in terminist tracts from the beginning of the thirteenth century on. What they have in common is that they all signify exactly one individual thing. These expressions, as well as the metalinguistic expressions used to...
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Plato’s Aesthetics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-23 11:16)
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[Revised entry by Nickolas Pappas on July 22, 2024.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
If aesthetics is the philosophical inquiry into beauty, or another aesthetic value, and art, then the striking feature of Plato's dialogues is that he devotes as much time as he does to both topics and yet treats them oppositely. Art, mostly as represented by poetry, is closer to a greatest danger than any other phenomenon Plato speaks of. Beauty is close to a greatest good. Can there be such a thing as "Plato's aesthetics" that contains both positions?...
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原子爆弾被爆者医療分科会（各回情報）
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2024-7-22 14:00)
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The Nonidentity Problem
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-20 12:41)
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[Revised entry by M. A. Roberts on July 19, 2024.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The nonidentity problem raises questions regarding both the moral obligations agents have in respect of possible future people - people, that is, who do not yet but may exist at some future time - and how those obligations (to the extent we have them) are most credibly explained. It today remains among the most challenging problems in all of population ethics....
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Ibn Kammūna
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-20 10:47)
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[Revised entry by Tzvi Langermann on July 19, 2024.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The centuries following the remarkable achievement of Ibn Sina (Avicenna; d. 1037) were a remarkably creative period in the sciences and philosophy. Sa'd ibn Mansur Ibn Kammūna, a Jew from Baghdad, actively participated in the lively discourse of his day. In his copious writings he takes up the entire gamut of philosophical issues discussed by his contemporaries. Editions, translations and studies of works by Ibn Kammūna and other thinkers of the time have appeared in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains difficult at...
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Self-Reference and Paradox
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-20 10:07)
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[Revised entry by Thomas Bolander on July 19, 2024.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
In the context of language, self-reference is used to denote a statement that refers to itself or its own referent. The most famous example of a self-referential sentence is the liar sentence: "This sentence is not true." Self-reference is often used in a broader context as well. For instance, a picture could be considered self-referential if it contains a copy of itself (see the animated image above); and a piece of literature could be considered self-referential if it includes a reference to the work itself. In...
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新型コロナ等の感染拡大に対応する有識者ヒアリング
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2024-7-19 22:00)
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薬事審議会 再生医療等製品・生物由来技術部会 議事概要
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2024-7-19 20:13)
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Biological Information
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2024-7-19 18:11)
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[New Entry by Marc Artiga on July 19, 2024.]
[Editor's Note: The following new entry by Marc Artiga replaces the former entry on this topic by the previous author.] The concept of information is widely used in the biological sciences....
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