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文部科学省大臣官房総務課非常勤職員（期間業務職員）採用のお知らせ  from 文部科学省　新着情報  (2023-2-8 10:21)

Frege’s Logic  from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (2023-2-8 10:08)

[New Entry by Roy Cook on February 7, 2023.] Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (b. 1848, d. 1925) is often credited with inventing modern quantificational logic in his Begriffsschrift. While there has been some controversy over exactly what was novel with Frege, and what can be found in the work of contemporaries such as George Boole, Augustus DeMorgan, Ernst Schroder, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Venn (see, e.g., Putnam 1982 or Boolos 1994 for accounts that resist the tendency to attribute all of modern logic to Frege, and also the entry on...

文部科学省研究開発局海洋地球課非常勤職員（期間業務職員）採用のお知らせ  from 文部科学省　新着情報  (2023-2-8 10:00)

文部科学省科学技術・学術政策局研究環境課非常勤職員（時間雇用職員）採用のお知らせ  from 文部科学省　新着情報  (2023-2-8 9:35)

Erotic Art  from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (2023-2-7 22:52)

[Revised entry by Hans Maes on February 7, 2023. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] What is erotic art? Do all paintings with a sexual theme qualify as erotic? How to distinguish between erotica and erotic art? In what way are aesthetic experiences related to, or different from, erotic experiences and are they at all compatible? Both people and works of art can be sensually appealing, but is the beauty in each case substantially the same? How helpful is the distinction between the nude and the naked? Can we draw a strict line between erotic art and pornography? We tend to think of art as complex and of pornography as...

幼児教育と小学校教育の架け橋特別委員会（第10回）議事録  from 文部科学省　新着情報  (2023-2-7 22:51)

永岡桂子文部科学大臣記者会見録（令和5年2月7日）  from 文部科学省　新着情報  (2023-2-7 19:53)

Intentionality  from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (2023-2-7 19:39)

[Revised entry by Pierre Jacob on February 7, 2023. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] In philosophy, intentionality is the power of minds and mental states to be about, to represent, or to stand for, things, properties and states of affairs. To say of an individual's mental states that they have intentionality is to say that they are mental representations or that they have contents. Furthermore, to the extent that a speaker utters words from some natural language or draws pictures or symbols from a formal language for the purpose of conveying to others the contents of her mental states, these artifacts...

Instrumental Rationality  from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (2023-2-6 12:37)

[Revised entry by Niko Kolodny and John Brunero on February 5, 2023. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, supplement.html] Someone displays instrumental rationality insofar as she adopts suitable means to her ends. Instrumental rationality, by virtually any reckoning, is an important, and presumably indispensable, part of practical rationality. However, philosophers have been interested in it for further reasons. To take one example, it has been suggested that instrumental rationality, or some tendency toward it, is partly constitutive of intention, desire, or action. To take another, more important, example, it has been argued that instrumental rationality...

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi  from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (2023-2-5 22:16)

[New Entry by Peter Adamson and Fedor Benevich on February 5, 2023.] Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (1149 - 1210) was one of the most innovative and influential thinkers in the first stage of what is sometimes called "post-classical" Islamic thought. Along with other major thinkers of the Islamic East in the twelfth century, notably Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī and al-Suhrawardī, Fakhr al-Dīn reacted critically to the philosophy of Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna). He produced a voluminous corpus that is often elusive in terms of conveying Fakhr...