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毎月勤労統計調査ー令和6年12月分結果確報
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2025-2-25 8:30)
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毎月勤労統計調査ー令和6年分結果確報
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2025-2-25 8:30)
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第27回社会保障審議会資金運用部会（ペーパーレス）資料
from 厚生労働省新着情報
(2025-2-25 7:00)
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Inductive Logic
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-24 21:17)
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[Revised entry by James Hawthorne on February 24, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, appendix1.html, appendix2.html, appendix3.html, appendix4.html, fig1.svg, local.js, sup-uncertain-inf.html]
An inductive logic is a system of reasoning that extends deductive logic to less-than-certain inferences. A logic represents inferences in terms of arguments, where each argument consists of premises and a conclusion. The essence of a logic is the arguments it endorses. A logic labels some arguments as good and others as not good, depending on the extent to which the truth of an argument's premises support the truth of its conclusion. In a deductive logic the truth of the premises of a good argument...
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Paul Feyerabend
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-24 9:40)
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[Revised entry by Eric Oberheim and John Preston on February 23, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Paul Feyerabend (1924 - 1994) initially made a name for himself in the foundations of quantum theory and as an ardent supporter of Karl Popper's critical rationalism. He argued that good science should be an attempt to re-interpret experience according to our best scientific theories, which should be used to correct common knowledge and everyday language to promote progress. His early work resulted from a critical synthesis of Popper's views on empiricism with Wittgenstein's insights on meaning. Specifically, Feyerabend...
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Maria Montessori
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-24 8:15)
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[New Entry by Patrick Frierson on February 23, 2025.]
Maria Montessori (1870 - 1952) was one of the most influential pedagogues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, developing an educational method that currently guides over 15,000 schools in dozens of countries. Montessori was never merely a teacher, however. She was a psychologist, anthropologist, doctor, cultural critic, and philosopher. Her writings span a wide range of philosophical issues, from metaphysics to political philosophy, but she always discusses philosophical issues in ways that make use of...
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Mary Wollstonecraft
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-22 23:37)
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[Revised entry by Sylvana Tomaselli on February 22, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797) is a moral and political philosopher whose analysis of the condition of women in modern society retains much of its original radicalism. One of the reasons her pronouncements on the subject remain challenging is that her reflections on the status of the female sex were part of an attempt to come to a comprehensive understanding of human relations within a civilization increasingly governed by acquisitiveness and consumption. Her first publication was on the education of daughters; she went on...
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Benedict de Spinoza: Religion
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-22 14:29)
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Benedict de Spinoza: Philosophy of Religion Philosophers generally count Spinoza (1632-1677), along with Descartes (1596-1650) and Leibniz (1646-1716), as one of the great rationalists of the 17th century, but he was also a keen student of religion whose analysis has done much to shape the outlook of early 21st-century thinkers. For those at home in … Continue reading Benedict de Spinoza: Religion →
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Religious Diversity (Pluralism)
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-22 10:26)
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[Revised entry by David Basinger on February 21, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
In many, if not most, areas of thought, significant differences of opinion exist among individuals who seem to be equally knowledgeable and sincere. Such diversity of opinion, though, is nowhere more evident than in the area of religious thought. On almost every religious issue, individuals who seem to have equal access to the relevant information and be equally truth-seeking hold significantly diverse, often incompatible beliefs....
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The Ethics and Rationality of Voting
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2025-2-22 9:12)
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[Revised entry by Jason Brennan on February 21, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
This entry focuses on six major questions concerning the rationality and morality of voting: Is it rational for an individual citizen to vote? Is there a moral duty to vote?...
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