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平成29年度概算要求における政策評価調書
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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家庭教育支援の推進方策に関する検討委員会（第2回）議事概要
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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研究環境基盤部会（第82回）の開催について
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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研究環境基盤部会 共同利用・共同研究拠点に関する作業部会 特色ある共同利用・共同研究拠点に関する専門委
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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大学分科会（第130回）の開催について
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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松野博一文部科学大臣記者会見録（平成28年10月18日）
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-10-18 13:00)
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Stoicism
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-10-15 13:45)
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Stoicism Stoicism originated as a Hellenistic philosophy, founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium (modern day Cyprus), c. 300 B.C.E. It was influenced by Socrates and the Cynics, and it engaged in vigorous debates with the Skeptics, the Academics, and the Epicureans. It moved to Rome where it flourished during the period of the Empire, … Continue reading Stoicism →
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Reflective Equilibrium
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-10-15 10:05)
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[Revised entry by Norman Daniels on October 14, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Many of us, perhaps all of us, have examined our moral judgments about a particular issue by looking for their coherence with our beliefs about similar cases and our beliefs about a broader range of moral and factual issues. In this everyday practice, we have sought "reflective equilibrium" among these various beliefs as a way of clarifying for ourselves just what we ought to do. In addition, we may also have been persuading ourselves that our conclusions were justifiable and ultimately acceptable to us by seeking coherence among...
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Causation and Manipulability
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-10-15 8:55)
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[Revised entry by James Woodward on October 14, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, additional-criticisms.html, early-agency.html, notes.html, role-causal.html]
Manipulability theories of causation, according to which causes are to be regarded as handles or devices for manipulating effects, have considerable intuitive appeal and are popular among social scientists and statisticians. This article surveys several prominent versions of such theories advocated by philosophers, and the many difficulties they face. Philosophical statements of the manipulationist approach are generally reductionist in aspiration and assign a central role to human action. These contrast with recent discussions employing a...
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Philosophy of History
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-10-14 10:40)
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[Revised entry by Daniel Little on October 13, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The concept of history plays a fundamental role in human thought. It invokes notions of human agency, change, the role of material circumstances in human affairs, and the putative meaning of historical events. It raises the possibility of "learning from history." And it suggests the possibility of better understanding ourselves in the present, by understanding the forces, choices, and circumstances that brought us to our current situation. It is therefore unsurprising that philosophers have sometimes turned...
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