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Social and Political Thought in Chinese Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-22 10:17)
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[New Entry by Stephen C. Angle on July 21, 2016.]
Issues in social and political thought have been central to Chinese philosophy from its earliest moments down to the present day. Neither "social" nor "political" have ready correlates in Chinese prior to the nineteenth century, but Chinese thinkers consistently have been concerned with understanding how both individuals and institutions have broad effects in what we can call both social and political modes. In some cases, the philosophers narrowly focus on governance and the state, but in many other cases,...
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Roman Ingarden
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-21 13:55)
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[Revised entry by Amie Thomasson on July 20, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Roman Ingarden (1893 - 1970) was a Polish phenomenologist, ontologist and aesthetician. A student of Edmund Husserl's from the Gottingen period, Ingarden was a realist phenomenologist who spent much of his career working against what he took to be Husserl's turn to transcendental idealism. As preparatory work for narrowing down possible solutions to the realism/idealism problem, Ingarden developed ontological studies unmatched in scope and detail, distinguishing...
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Computational Complexity Theory
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-21 12:52)
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[Revised entry by Walter Dean on July 20, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Computational complexity theory is a subfield of theoretical computer science one of whose primary goals is to classify and compare the practical difficulty of solving problems about finite combinatorial objects - e.g. given two natural numbers (n) and (m), are they relatively prime? Given a propositional formula (phi), does it have a satisfying assignment? If we were to play chess on a board of size (n times n), does white have a winning strategy from a given initial position? These problems are equally difficult from the standpoint of classical computability theory in the sense that they are all effectively decidable. Yet they still appear to differ significantly in practical difficulty. For having been supplied with a pair of numbers (m gt n gt 0), it is possible to determine their relative primality by a method (Euclid's algorithm) which requires a number of steps proportional to (log(n)). On ...
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Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-20 13:19)
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[Revised entry by John Marenbon on July 19, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (born: circa 475 - 7 C.E., died: 526? C.E.) has long been recognized as one of the most important intermediaries between ancient philosophy and the Latin Middle Ages and, through his Consolation of Philosophy, as a talented literary writer, with a gift for making philosophical ideas dramatic and accessible to a wider public. He had previously translated Aristotle's logical works into Latin, written commentaries on them as...
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Nicolai Hartmann
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-19 10:02)
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[Revised entry by Roberto Poli on July 18, 2016.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Nicolai Hartmann (1882 - 1950) was one of the leading German philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century. While Hartmann was in many respects a classic philosopher and wrote book-length works scrutinizing and developing all the major fields of philosophy, including the philosophy of history, ethics and aesthetics, his leading interest was ontology. He systematically developed a comprehensive and rich theory of categories, which set out...
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Intertheory Relations in Physics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2016-7-19 8:27)
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[Revised entry by Robert Batterman on July 18, 2016.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Many issues in the philosophy of science concern the nature of theories and certain relations that may obtain between them. Typically, one is interested in the degree to which a successor to a given theory "goes beyond" (both descriptively and explanatorily) the theory it succeeds. Most often these issues are framed in the context of reductive relations between theories. When does a theory (T') reduce to a theory (T)? How is one to understand the nature of this...
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上智大学外国語学部所属教員による研究活動上の不正行為（盗用）について
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-7-19 4:00)
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スポーツ・文化・ワールド・フォーラム アンバサダー就任式の開催及びパートナー企業追加のお知らせ
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-7-19 4:00)
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情報通信技術を活用した教育振興事業「情報教育推進校（IE-School）」調査研究
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-7-19 4:00)
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政策評価に関する有識者会議高等教育・科学技術・学術分科会（第3回）の開催について
from 文部科学省 新着情報
(2016-7-19 4:00)
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