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RSS/ATOM 記事 (74111)
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Hasdai Crescas
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-12 12:18)
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[Revised entry by Shalom Sadik on December 11, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Rabbi Hasdai Crescas (ca. 1340 - 1410/11) was the head of the Jewish community of Aragon, and in some ways all of Hispanic Jewry, during one of its most critical periods. Crescas was one of the leading rabbinic authorities of his time,[1] the political leader of the Jews of Aragon, and a philosophical polemicist against Christianity. As one of the main medieval Jewish philosophers, Crescas critiques the radical Aristotelian philosophy of Maimonides and...
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Descartes' Mathematics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-12 11:54)
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[Revised entry by Mary Domski on December 11, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
To speak of Rene Descartes' contributions to the history of mathematics is to speak of his La Geometrie (1637), a short tract included with the anonymously published Discourse on Method. In La Geometrie, Descartes details a groundbreaking program for geometrical problem-solving - what he refers to as a "geometrical calculus" (calcul...
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Kurt Gödel
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-12 10:25)
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[Revised entry by Juliette Kennedy on December 11, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, content-mathematics.html, documents.html, goedel-phenomenology.html, incompleteness-hilbert.html, notes.html]
Kurt Friedrich Godel (b. 1906, d. 1978) was one of the principal founders of the modern, metamathematical era in mathematical logic. He is widely known for his Incompleteness Theorems, which are among the handful of landmark theorems in twentieth century mathematics, but his work touched every field of mathematical logic, if it was not in most cases their original stimulus. In his philosophical work Godel formulated and defended mathematical Platonism, the view that...
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Social Minimum
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-12 9:46)
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[Revised entry by Stuart White on December 11, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Consider the following statements: People should not be allowed to starve in the streets. No one should be denied access to a decent minimum of health-care. Every citizen should be able to meet his or her basic needs....
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Ernst Cassirer
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-10 11:07)
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Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) Ernst Cassirer was the most prominent, and the last, Neo-Kantian philosopher of the twentieth century. His major philosophical contribution was the transformation of his teacher Hermann Cohen’s mathematical-logical adaptation of Kant’s transcendental idealism into a comprehensive philosophy of symbolic forms intended to address all aspects of human cultural life and creativity. In … Continue reading Ernst Cassirer →
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Mary Astell
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-10 10:36)
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[Revised entry by Alice Sowaal on December 9, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Mary Astell (1666 - 1731) was an English philosopher. She was born in Newcastle, and lived her adult life in London. Her patrons were Lady Ann Coventry, Lady Elizabeth Hastings, and Catherine Jones, and among those in her intellectual circle were Lady Mary Chudleigh, Judith Drake, Elizabeth Elstob, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and John Norris. In addition to a number of pamphlets, she wrote the following books:...
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Embodied Cognition
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-9 14:06)
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[Revised entry by Robert A. Wilson and Lucia Foglia on December 8, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Cognition is embodied when it is deeply dependent upon features of the physical body of an agent, that is, when aspects of the agent's body beyond the brain play a significant causal or physically constitutive role in cognitive processing....
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Future Contingents
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-9 12:06)
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[Revised entry by PeterØhrstrøm and Per Hasle on December 8, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Future contingents are contingent statements about the future - such as future events, actions, states etc. To qualify as contingent the predicted event, state, action or whatever is at stake must neither be impossible nor inevitable. Statements such as "My mother shall go to London" or "There will be a sea-battle tomorrow" could serve as standard examples. What could be called the problem of future contingents concerns how to ascribe truth-values...
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Johann Friedrich Herbart
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-9 11:58)
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[New Entry by Alan Kim on December 8, 2015.]
Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776 - 1841) is known today mainly as a founding figure of modern psychology and educational theory. But these were only parts of a much grander philosophical project, and it was as a philosopher of the first rank that his contemporaries saw him. Even in his own day, Herbart's direct influence on academic philosophy was limited, but this had as much to do with shifting disciplinary borders as with his polemics against the German Idealists. In psychology and pedagogy, however, his influence was greater and longer lasting. While no one took over his philosophy or psychology (and especially the...
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Philosophy of Science in Latin America
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-12-3 11:41)
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[New Entry by Alberto Cordero on December 2, 2015.]
Ever since philosophy of science began as a professional field in the late 1940s, many contributions from Latin America have joined the forefront of the international debate. This article aims to provide an overview of philosophy of science in the subcontinent. The primary focus is on contributions produced in Latin America by thinkers living in the region, with an emphasis on "mainstream philosophy of science" - a discipline centered in the study of scientific knowledge, metaphysics, methodology, and values, broadly analytic in style, as exemplified by works published in such major journals...
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