|
School of Names
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-7 9:18)
|
[Revised entry by Chris Fraser on November 6, 2015.
Changes to: Bibliography]
The "School of Names" (ming jia) is the traditional Chinese label for a diverse group of Warring States (479 - 221 B.C.E.) thinkers who shared an interest in language, disputation, and metaphysics. They were notorious for logic-chopping, purportedly idle conceptual puzzles, and paradoxes such as "Today go to Yue but arrive yesterday" and "A white horse is not a horse." Because reflection on language in ancient...
|
|
Natural Law Theories
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-5 14:44)
|
[Revised entry by John Finnis on November 4, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
This entry considers natural law theories only as theories of law. That is not to say that legal theory can be adequately identified and pursued independently of moral and political theory. Nor is it to deny that there are worthwhile natural law theories much more concerned with foundational issues in ethics and political theory than with law or legal theory. A sample of such wider and more foundational theories is the entry...
|
|
Dietrich of Freiberg
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-5 11:31)
|
[Revised entry by Markus Führer on November 4, 2015.
Changes to: Bibliography]
The extraordinary long life and active teaching career of Albert the Great (c.1193 - 1280) produced many benefits for the inception of philosophy in medieval Germany. Besides the vast corpus of his writings that fostered a generation of Dominican scholars in the German-speaking province, Albert lived long enough to impart continuity to this generation, which included Ulrich of Strasburg (c.1225 - 1277), Dietrich of Freiberg...
|
|
Pufendorf's Moral and Political Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-4 11:58)
|
[Revised entry by Michael Seidler on November 3, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf (1632 - 1694) was almost as unknown during most of the 19th and 20th centuries as he had been familiar during the preceding hundred years and more. His fate shows well how philosophical interests shape historical background narratives. More or less consciously, individual thinkers and the traditions they spawn frame themselves in terms of an edited past which - as in other forms of genealogy - they either appropriate, reject, revise, or ignore. Thus intellectual ancestry is always more controversial than biological inheritance, and the mere...
|
|
Lindenbaum, Adolf
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-3 16:54)
|
Adolf Lindenbaum Adolf Lindenbaum was a Polish mathematician and logician who worked in topology, set theory, metalogic, general metamathematics and the foundations of mathematics. He represented an attitude typical of the Polish Mathematical School, consisting of using all admissible methods, independently of whether they were finitary. For example, the axiom of choice was freely applied, … Continue reading Lindenbaum, Adolf →
|
|
Louis de La Forge
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-3 12:47)
|
[Revised entry by Desmond Clarke on November 2, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Louis de la Forge was among the first group of self-styled disciples to edit and disseminate the writings of Descartes in the years immediately following his death in Sweden (1650). La Forge initially used his medical training to comment on Cartesian physiology. He also wrote the first monograph on Descartes' theory of the human mind, in which he defended substance dualism and proposed a theory of occasional causation that was adopted and developed by other Cartesians, including Malebranche....
|
|
Institution Theory
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-11-2 6:58)
|
Institution Theory (Draft--do not quote) Institution theory is a very general mathematical study of formal logical systemswith emphasis on semanticsthat is not committed to any particular concrete logical system. This is based upon a mathematical definition forthe informal notion of logical system, called institution, which includes both syntax and semantics as well asthe relationship between … Continue reading Institution Theory →
|
|
Translating and Interpreting Chinese Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-10-28 13:08)
|
[New Entry by Henry Rosemont Jr. on October 27, 2015.]
Issues and problems of interpretation of written texts are distinct from issues and problems of translations of them, but the two can rarely be analyzed apart from each other. Moreover, both are closely related by matters of language. Difficulties encountered in translation of texts obviously generate difficulties in interpreting them, and vice versa: the less confidence we have that we understand what a text is about the more difficult it is to be confident of our own (or anyone else's) translation of it....
|
|
Value, Epistemic
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-10-28 10:36)
|
Epistemic Value Epistemic value is a kind of value which attaches to cognitive successes such as true beliefs, justified beliefs, knowledge, and understanding. These kinds of cognitive success do of course often have practical value. True beliefs about local geography help us get to work on time; knowledge of mechanics allows us to build vehicles; … Continue reading Value, Epistemic →
|
|
Computer and Information Ethics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-10-27 13:39)
|
[Revised entry by Terrell Bynum on October 26, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
In most countries of the world, the "information revolution" has altered many aspects of life significantly: commerce, employment, medicine, security, transportation, entertainment, and on and on. Consequently, information and communication technology (ICT) has affected - in both good ways and bad ways - community life, family life, human relationships, education, careers, freedom, and democracy (to name just a few...
|
