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Rights
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-10 14:38)
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[Revised entry by Leif Wenar on September 9, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Rights are entitlements (not) to perform certain actions, or (not) to be in certain states; or entitlements that others (not) perform certain actions or (not) be in certain states. Rights dominate modern understandings of what actions are permissible...
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‘Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-10 13:49)
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[New Entry by Cecilia Martini Bonadeo on September 9, 2015.]
The Greek-Arabic sciences penetrated in the Islamic world during the 8th and 9th centuries AD due to the massive activity of the translators and al-Kindi's vision of knowledge and also through the exegetical activity of the Aristotelian circle of Baghdad. From the end of the 10th, throughout the 11th, and up to the beginning of the 12th centuries, the production of original philosophical literature into Arabic and Persian became the main stream of the Arabic-Islamic philosophy, which was by then increasingly distant from the Greek...
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The Sophists
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-10 13:19)
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[Revised entry by C.C.W. Taylor and Mi-Kyoung Lee on September 9, 2015.
Changes to: Bibliography]
The Greek word sophistēs, formed from the noun sophia, 'wisdom' or 'learning', has the general sense 'one who exercises wisdom or learning'. As sophia could designate specific types of expertise as well as general sagacity in the conduct of life and the higher kinds of insight associated with seers and poets, the word originally meant 'sage' or 'expert'. In the...
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Philosophy of Architecture
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-10 13:01)
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[New Entry by Saul Fisher on September 9, 2015.]
This article offers an overview of issues in the philosophy of architecture. Central issues include foundational matters regarding the nature of: Architecture as an artform, design medium, or other product or practice....
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Joane Petrizi
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-10 10:15)
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[Revised entry by Tengiz Iremadze on September 9, 2015.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Joane Petrizi (12th century) - the most significant Georgian medieval philosopher - devoted intensive work to neo-Platonic philosophy. He translated Nemesius of Emesa's On the Nature of Man into Georgian, a work which in that day attracted considerable attention. Of particular importance is his Georgian translation of Proclus's Elementatio theologica, to which he also wrote a step-by-step commentary. Petrizi's commentary on the Elementatio...
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Peter Auriol
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-9 12:37)
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[Revised entry by Russell L. Friedman on September 8, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
While the French Franciscan Peter Auriol (ca. 1280 - 1322) has not attracted as much attention as has his slightly younger contemporary William Ockham, nevertheless on many topics Auriol was probably just as influential among fourteenth century thinkers as was the Venerable Inceptor. Often explicitly rejecting the ideas of Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and most importantly John Duns Scotus, Auriol created interesting, innovative, and frequently controversial positions over a...
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Gregory of Rimini
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-9 11:53)
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[Revised entry by Christopher Schabel on September 8, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Gregory of Rimini may have been the last great scholastic theologian of the Middle Ages. He was the first thinker to incorporate substantially the developments of both the post-Ockham tradition at Oxford and the post-Auriol tradition at Paris, and his original synthesis had a long-lasting impact on European thought....
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Religious Diversity (Pluralism)
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-5 8:29)
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[Revised entry by David Basinger on September 4, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
With respect to many, if not most issues, there exist significant differences of opinion among individuals who seem to be equally knowledgeable and sincere. Individuals who apparently have access to the same information and are equally interested in the truth affirm incompatible perspectives on, for instance, significant social, political, and economic issues. Such diversity of opinion, though, is nowhere more evident than in the area of religious thought. On almost...
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Rahner, Karl
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-4 12:33)
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Karl Rahner (1904─1984) Karl Rahner was one of the most influential Catholic philosophers of the mid to late twentieth century. A member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and a Roman Catholic priest, Rahner, as was the custom of the time, studied scholastic philosophy, through which he discovered Thomas Aquinas. From Aquinas’ epistemology and philosophical … Continue reading Rahner, Karl →
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Zhu Xi
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-9-4 11:10)
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[New Entry by Kirill Thompson on September 3, 2015.]
Zhu Xi, the preeminent Neo-Confucian (daoxue) master of the Southern Song (1126 - 1271), is generally ranked as second only to Confucius (551 - 479 BCE) in influence and as rivaling Zhuangzi (fourth century BCE) in philosophic acumen in the Chinese philosophical tradition. A leading scholar and classicist as well as sharp intellect and devoted practitioner, Zhu Xi worked out a philosophically compelling synthesis of the ideas of the Northern Song (960 - 1126 CE) masters Zhou Dunyi (1017 - 73), Zhang Zai (1020 - 77), and the brothers Cheng Yi (1033 - 1107) and...
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