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Punishment
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-8-1 8:42)
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[Revised entry by Hugo Adam Bedau and Erin Kelly on July 31, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The concept of punishment - its definition - and its practical application and justification during the past half-century have shown a marked drift away from efforts to reform and rehabilitate offenders in favor of retribution and incarceration. Punishment in its very conception is now acknowledged to be an inherently retributive practice, whatever may be the further role of retribution as a (or the) justification or goal of punishment. A liberal justification of...
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The Hole Argument
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-31 13:01)
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[Revised entry by John D. Norton on July 30, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, Leibniz_Equivalence.html]
What is space? What is time? Do they exist independently of the things and processes in them? Or is their existence parasitic on these things and processes? Are they like a canvas onto which an artist paints; they exist whether or not the artist paints on them? Or are they akin to parenthood; there is no parenthood until there are parents and children? That is, is there no space and time until there are things with spatial properties and processes with temporal durations?...
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Philosophy of Film
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-31 12:10)
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[Revised entry by Thomas Wartenberg on July 30, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The philosophy of film is now a firmly established subfield of contemporary philosophy of art. Although philosophers were among the first academics to publish studies of the new artform in the early decades of the twentieth century, the field did not experience significant growth until the 1980's when a renaissance occurred. There are many reasons for the field's recent growth. Suffice it to say here that changes in both academic philosophy and the cultural role of the...
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Plato's Parmenides
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-31 9:05)
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[Revised entry by Samuel Rickless on July 30, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The Parmenides is, quite possibly, the most enigmatic of Plato's dialogues. The dialogue recounts an almost certainly fictitious conversation between a venerable Parmenides (the Eleatic Monist) and a youthful Socrates, followed by a dizzying array of interconnected arguments presented by Parmenides to a young and compliant interlocutor named "Aristotle" (not the philosopher, but rather a man who became one of the Thirty Tyrants...
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Voltaire
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-31 8:59)
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[Revised entry by J.B. Shank on July 30, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Francois-Marie d'Arouet (1694 - 1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French writer and public activist who played a singular role in defining the eighteenth-century movement called the Enlightenment. At the center of his work was a new conception of philosophy and the philosopher that in several crucial respects influenced the modern concept of each. Yet in other ways Voltaire was not a philosopher at all in the modern sense of the term. He wrote as...
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Aristotle
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-30 11:58)
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[Revised entry by Christopher Shields on July 29, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: Aristotle's works shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which...
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Change and Inconsistency
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-30 10:57)
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[Revised entry by Chris Mortensen on July 29, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Change is so pervasive in our lives that it almost defeats description and analysis. One can think of it in a very general way as alteration. But alteration in a thing raises subtle problems. One of the most perplexing is the problem of the consistency of change: how can one thing have incompatible properties and yet remain the same thing? Some have held that change is a consistent process, and rendered so by the existence of time. Others have held that the only...
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Ancient Ethics
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-28 14:37)
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Ancient Ethics Ethical reflection in ancient Greece and Rome starts from all of an agent’s ends or goals and tries to systematize them. Our ends are diverse. We typically want, among other things, material comfort, health, respect from peers and love from friends and family, successful children, healthy emotional lives, and intellectual achievement. We see … Continue reading Ancient Ethics →
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Dunyi, Zhou
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-25 15:32)
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Zhou Dunyi (Chou Tun-i, 1017-1073) Zhou Dunyi (sometimes romanized as Chou Tun-i and also known by his posthumous name, Zhou Lianxi) has long been highly esteemed by Chinese thinkers. He is considered one of the first “Neo-Confucians,” a group of thinkers who draw heavily on Buddhist and Daoist metaphysics to articulate a comprehensive, Confucian religious … Continue reading Dunyi, Zhou →
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Hartshorne, Charles : Dipolar Theism
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-7-25 9:15)
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Charles Hartshorne: Dipolar Theism From the beginning to the end of his career Charles Hartshorne maintained that the idea that “God is love” was his guiding intuition in philosophy. This “intuition” presupposes both that there is a divine reality and that that reality answers to some positive description of being a loving God. This article … Continue reading Hartshorne, Charles : Dipolar Theism →
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