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RSS/ATOM 記事 (74081)
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Anna Julia Cooper
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-4-1 13:11)
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[New Entry by Kathryn T. Gines on March 31, 2015.]
This entry takes as its focal point the philosophical contributions of Anna Julia Cooper with an emphasis on her scholarship and some attention to her commitments as an educator and activist. Authoring one of the earliest book-length analyses of the unique situation of Black women in the United States, Cooper offers clearly articulated insights about racialized sexism and sexualized racism without ignoring the significance of class and labor, education and intellectual development, and conceptions of democracy and...
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Feminist Perspectives on Science
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-4-1 10:03)
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[Revised entry by Sharon Crasnow, Alison Wylie, Wenda K. Bauchspies, and Elizabeth Potter on March 31, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Feminists have a number of distinct interests in, and perspectives on, science. The tools of science have been a crucial resource for understanding the nature, impact, and prospects for changing gender-based forms of oppression; in this spirit, feminists actively draw on, and contribute to, the research programs of a wide range of sciences. At the same time, feminists have identified the sciences as both a source and a locus of gender inequalities: the institutions of...
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Equality of Opportunity
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-26 13:52)
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[Revised entry by Richard Arneson on March 25, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Equality of opportunity is a political ideal that is opposed to caste hierarchy but not to hierarchy per se. The background assumption is that a society contains a hierarchy of more and less desirable, superior and inferior positions. Or there may be several such hierarchies. In a caste society, the assignment of individuals to places in the social hierarchy is fixed by birth. The child acquires the social status of his or her parents at least if their union is socially sanctioned. Social mobility may be possible in a caste...
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Belief
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-25 11:00)
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[Revised entry by Eric Schwitzgebel on March 24, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Contemporary analytic philosophers of mind generally use the term "belief" to refer to the attitude we have, roughly, whenever we take something to be the case or regard it as true. To believe something, in this sense, needn't involve actively reflecting on it: Of the vast number of things ordinary adults believe, only a few can be at the fore of the mind at any single time. Nor does the term "belief", in standard philosophical usage, imply any uncertainty or any extended reflection about the matter in question (as it sometimes does in ordinary English usage). Many of the things...
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Developmental Biology
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-24 11:40)
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[New Entry by Alan Love on March 23, 2015.]
Developmental biology is the science of explaining how a variety of interacting processes generate an organism's heterogeneous shapes, size, and structural features that arise on the trajectory from embryo to adult, or more generally throughout a life cycle. It represents an exemplary area of contemporary experimental biology that focuses on phenomena that have puzzled natural philosophers and scientists for more than two millennia. Philosophers of biology have shown renewed interest in developmental biology due to the potential relevance of development for understanding evolution, the theme of...
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Albert of Saxony
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-24 11:07)
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[Revised entry by Joél Biard on March 23, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Albert of Saxony (ca. 1320 - 1390), Master of Arts at Paris, then Rector of the University of Vienna, and finally Bishop of Halberstadt (Germany). As a logician, he was at the forefront of the movement that expanded the analysis oflanguage based on the properties of terms, especially their reference (in Latin: suppositio), but also in the exploration of new fields of logic, especially the theory of consequences. As a natural philosopher, he worked in the tradition of...
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Immigration
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-24 9:47)
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[Revised entry by Christopher Heath Wellman on March 23, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
There are a variety of important issues surrounding the morality of immigration, including difficult questions regarding the definition and moral status of refugees, the circumstances (if any) in which it is permissible to use guest workers, what obligations a rich country incurs when it actively recruits skilled workers from a poor state, the rights of irregular migrants, and whether there are any limitations on the selection criteria a country may use in deciding...
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Yablo Paradox
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-23 1:41)
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Yablo Paradox (draft: do not quote this article) (Formatter: Insert paragraphs for summary here.) Table of Contents Origins of the Paradox Paradoxical or Not? Circular or Not? Generalizing the Paradox References and Further Reading 1. Origins of the Paradox (Formater: Insert paragraphs for this section here.) 2. Paradoxical or Not? (Formater: Insert paragraphs for this … Continue reading Yablo Paradox →
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Hume, Imagination
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-22 13:54)
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David Hume: Imagination David Hume (17111776) approaches questions in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics via questions about our minds. For example, before addressing the epistemological question of whether we have any justification for our beliefs about unobserved states of affairs, Hume asks which of our cognitive faculties is responsible for these beliefs. Before addressing the … Continue reading Hume, Imagination →
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Anderson, John
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-3-21 10:50)
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John Anderson (1893-1962) Scottish-Australian philosopher John Anderson was a passionate defender of a philosophy typically described as Realism. Anderson exercised a significant and lasting influence over several generations of students, including such later philosophers as John Passmore, J.L. Mackie, and D.M. Armstrong. These students criticised and developed several key features of Anderson’s own philosophy such … Continue reading Anderson, John →
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