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Global Democracy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-24 7:17)
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[New Entry by Jonathan Kuyper on February 23, 2015.]
Global democracy is a field of academic study and political activism concerned with making the political global system more democratic. This topic has become a central area of inquiry for established literatures including political philosophy, international relations (IR), international law, and sociology. Along with global justice, global democracy has also been critical to the emergence of international political theory as a discrete literature in recent...
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Connectionism
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-20 12:20)
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[Revised entry by James Garson on February 19, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Connectionism is a movement in cognitive science that hopes to explain intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks (also known as 'neural networks' or 'neural nets'). Neural networks are simplified models of the brain composed of large numbers of units (the analogs of neurons) together with weights that measure the strength of connections between the units. These weights model the effects of the synapses that link one...
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Public Health Ethics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-20 11:08)
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[Revised entry by Ruth Faden and Sirine Shebaya on February 19, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
At its core, public health is concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations,[1] broadly understood. Collective interventions in service of population health often involve or require government action. In the United States, for example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, the...
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Gene
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-20 9:53)
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[Revised entry by Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Staffan Müller-Wille, and Robert Meunier on February 19, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
"There can be little doubt," philosopher and biochemist Lenny Moss claimed in 2003, "that the idea of 'the gene' has been the central organizing theme of twentieth century biology" (Moss 2003, xiii; cf. Keller 2000, 9). And yet it is clear that the science of genetics never provided one generally accepted definition of the gene. More than a hundred years of genetic research have rather resulted in the proliferation of a variety of gene concepts, which sometimes complement, sometimes contradict each other. Some philosophers and scientists have tried to...
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Geometrical Method
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-18 14:00)
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The Geometrical Method The Geometrical Method is the style of proof (also called “demonstration”) that was used in Euclid’s proofs in geometry, and that was used in philosophy in Spinoza’s proofs in his Ethics. The term appeared first in 16th century Europe when mathematics was on an upswing due to the new science of mechanics. … Continue reading Geometrical Method →
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Existentialist Aesthetics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-18 11:23)
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[Revised entry by Jean-Philippe Deranty on February 17, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Many of the philosophers commonly described as "existentialist" have made original and decisive contributions to aesthetic thinking. In most cases, a substantial involvement in artistic practice (as novelists, playwrights or musicians) nourished their thinking on aesthetic experience. This is true already of two of the major philosophers who inspired 20th century existentialism: Soren Kierkegaard and...
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Roderick Chisholm
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-14 9:34)
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[Revised entry by Richard Feldman and Fred Feldman on February 13, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Roderick Milton Chisholm is widely regarded as one of the most creative, productive, and influential American philosophers of the 20th Century. Chisholm worked in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and other areas. His work constitutes a grand philosophical system somewhat in the manner of Leibniz or Descartes. Chisholm continually refined - and sometimes utterly revised - his...
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William Stanley Jevons
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-13 12:07)
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[Revised entry by Bert Mosselmans on February 12, 2015.
Changes to: Bibliography]
William Stanley Jevons (1835 - 1882) was an economist and philosopher who foreshadowed several developments of the 20th century. He is one of the main contributors to the 'marginal revolution', which revolutionised economic theory and shifted classical to neoclassical economics. He was the first economist to construct index numbers, and he had a tremendous influence on the development of empirical methods and the use of statistics and...
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Medieval Theories: Properties of Terms
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-13 12:05)
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[Revised entry by Stephen Read on February 12, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
The theory of properties of terms (proprietates terminorum) was the basis of the medievals' semantic theory. It embraced those properties of linguistic expressions necessary to explain truth, fallacy and inference, the three central concepts of logical analysis. The theory evolved out of the work of Anselm and Abelard at the turn of the twelfth century, developed steadily through the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and was still undergoing changes in the fifteenth...
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Moral Anti-Realism
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-2-12 12:00)
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[Revised entry by Richard Joyce on February 11, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, moral-error-theory.html, moral-objectivity-relativism.html, moral-realism-explain.html, moral-realism-intuitive.html, projectivism-quasi-realism.html]
It might be expected that it would suffice for the entry for "moral anti-realism" to contain only some links to other entries in this encyclopedia. It could contain a link to "moral realism" and stipulate the negation of the view there described. Alternatively, it could have links to the entries "anti-realism" and "morality" and could stipulate the conjunction of the materials contained therein. The fact...
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