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The Philosophy of Dance
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-13 10:51)
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[New Entry by Aili Bresnahan on January 12, 2015.]
Dance is practiced in many forms and for many reasons, including social, educative, political and therapeutic reasons. This article will consider the philosophy of dance as a Western theater or concert art, by which I mean the sort of art that is practiced in a performance space and that is offered for some sort of audience or spectator appreciation. Further, this entry will focus on the philosophy of dance that has developed as a subset of philosophical aesthetics, considering...
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Compositionality
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-12 6:07)
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Compositionality Compositionality is a concept in the philosophy of language. A symbolic system is compositional if the meaning of every complex expression E in that system depends on, and depends only on, (i) E’s syntactic structure and (ii) the meanings of E’s simple parts. If a language is compositional, then the meaning of a sentence … Continue reading Compositionality →
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Chinese Philosophy: Overview of Topics
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-11 18:05)
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Chinese Philosophy: Overview of Topics If Chinese philosophy may be said to have begun around 2000 B.C.E., then it represents the longest continuous heritage of philosophical reflection. Trying to mention each philosopher or every significant thinker is not possible. This article is highly selective by choosing philosophers according to two basic principles: (1) Those who … Continue reading Chinese Philosophy: Overview of Topics →
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Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-10 11:35)
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[Revised entry by John Christman on January 9, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Individual autonomy is an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one's own person, to live one's life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one's own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces. It is a central value in the Kantian tradition of moral philosophy but it is also given fundamental status in John Stuart Mill's version of utilitarian liberalism (Kant 1785/1983, Mill 1859/1975, ch. III). Examination of...
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Semantic Conceptions of Information
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-8 12:32)
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[Revised entry by Luciano Floridi on January 7, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
"I love information upon all subjects that come in my way, and especially upon those that are most important." Thus boldly declares Euphranor, one of the defenders of Christian faith in Berkley's Alciphron (Dialogue 1, Section 5, Paragraph 6/10, see Berkeley [1732]). Evidently, information has been an object of philosophical desire for some time, well before the computer revolution, Internet or the dot.com pandemonium (see for example Dunn...
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Negation
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-8 12:25)
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[New Entry by Laurence R. Horn and Heinrich Wansing on January 7, 2015.]
Negation is in the first place a phenomenon of semantical opposition. As such, negation relates an expression $e$ to another expression with a meaning that is in some way opposed to the meaning of $e$. This relation may be realized syntactically and pragmatically in various ways. Moreover, there are different kinds of semantic opposition. Section 1 is concerned mainly with negation and opposition in natural language, both from a...
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Hilbert's Program
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-7 14:20)
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[Revised entry by Richard Zach on January 6, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
In the early 1920s, the German mathematician David Hilbert (1862 - 1943) put forward a new proposal for the foundation of classical mathematics which has come to be known as Hilbert's Program. It calls for a formalization of all of mathematics in axiomatic form, together with a proof that this axiomatization of mathematics is consistent. The consistency proof itself was to be carried out using only what Hilbert called "finitary"...
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Intuitionistic Logic
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-2 18:58)
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[Revised entry by Joan Moschovakis on January 2, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Intuitionistic logic encompasses the principles of logical reasoning which were used by L. E. J. Brouwer in developing his intuitionistic mathematics, beginning in [1907]. Because these principles also underly Russian recursive analysis and the constructive analysis of E. Bishop and his followers, intuitionistic logic may be considered the logical basis of...
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Divine Simplicity
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-2 18:39)
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[Revised entry by William F. Vallicella on January 2, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
According to the classical theism of Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas and their adherents, God is radically unlike creatures in that he is devoid of any complexity or composition, whether physical or metaphysical. Besides lacking spatial and temporal parts, God is free of matter-form composition, potency-act composition, and existence-essence composition. There is also no real distinction between God as subject of his attributes and his attributes. God is...
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Philosophy of Linguistics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2015-1-2 12:22)
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[Revised entry by Barbara C. Scholz, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, and Geoffrey K. Pullum on January 1, 2015.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Philosophy of linguistics is the philosophy of science as applied to linguistics. This differentiates it sharply from the philosophy of language, traditionally concerned with matters of meaning and reference....
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