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Socrates
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-4 16:01)
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Socrates(469399 B.C.E.) Socrates is one of the few individuals whom one could say has so-shaped the cultural and intellectual development of the world that, without him, history would be profoundly different. He is best known for his association with the Socratic method of question and answer, his claim that he was ignorant (or aware of […]
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Category Theory
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-4 10:36)
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[Revised entry by Jean-Pierre Marquis on October 3, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Category theory has come to occupy a central position in contemporary mathematics and theoretical computer science, and is also applied to mathematical physics. Roughly, it is a general mathematical theory of structures and of systems of structures. As category theory is still...
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Speech Acts
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-3 11:21)
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[Revised entry by Mitchell Green on October 2, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
We are attuned in everyday conversation not primarily to the sentences we utter to one another, but to the speech acts that those utterances are used to perform: requests, warnings, invitations, promises, apologies, predictions, and the like. Such acts are staples of...
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Indicative Conditionals
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-3 9:46)
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[Revised entry by Dorothy Edgington on October 2, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Take a sentence in the indicative mood, suitable for making a statement: "We'll be home by ten", "Tom cooked the dinner". Attach a conditional clause to it, and you have a sentence which makes a conditional statement: "We'll be home by...
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Realism
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-3 8:37)
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[Revised entry by Alexander Miller on October 2, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The question of the nature and plausibility of realism arises with respect to a large number of subject matters, including ethics, aesthetics, causation, modality, science, mathematics, semantics, and the everyday world of macroscopic material objects and their...
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Carl Schmitt
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-2 8:33)
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[Revised entry by Lars Vinx on October 1, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Carl Schmitt (1888 - 1985) was a conservative German legal, constitutional, and political theorist. Schmitt is often considered to be one of the most important critics of liberalism, parliamentary democracy, and liberal cosmopolitanism. But the value and significance...
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Francis Herbert Bradley's Moral and Political Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-2 8:18)
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[Revised entry by David Crossley on October 1, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The ethical writings of the Oxford Idealists, T. H. Green and F. H. Bradley, reflect the influence of Kant and Hegel on English moral philosophy in the latter part of the Nineteenth Century. To the extent that either draws on other sources it is to Aristotle that they turn rather than to British moral philosophers such as Butler, Hume or Reid; a point which is evident both from the fact that Green and...
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Locke Overview
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-10-1 17:21)
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John Locke (16321704) John Locke was among the most famous philosophers and political theorists of the 17th century. He is often regarded as the founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism, and he made foundational contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government. He was also influential in the areas of theology, […]
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Seventeenth-Century Theories of Consciousness
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-28 10:27)
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[Revised entry by Larry M. Jorgensen on September 27, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
In the seventeenth century, "consciousness" began to take on a uniquely modern sense. This transition was sparked by new theories of mind and ideas, and it connected with other important issues of debate during the seventeenth century, including debates...
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Utilitarianism, Act and Rule
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-27 15:17)
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Act and Rule Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is one of the best known and most influential moral theories. Like other forms of consequentialism, its core idea is that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their effects. More specifically, the only effects of actions that are relevant are the good and bad results that they […]
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