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Reference
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-27 14:00)
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[Revised entry by Marga Reimer and Eliot Michaelson on September 26, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Reference is a relation that obtains between certain sorts of representational tokens (e.g., names, mental states, pictures) and objects. For instance, when I assert that "George W. Bush is a Republican," I use...
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Epistemology in Chinese Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-27 13:52)
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[New Entry by Jana Rošker on September 26, 2014.]
In current research, the debate on the epistemological dimensions of Chinese texts and their role in the context of Chinese thought has been developed increasingly successfully under the aegis of rediscovering and applying specific traditional Chinese methodological approaches and categories (Lenk and Paul 1993). Chinese epistemology deals with problems such as the possibility of attaining correct...
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Kant, Immanuel: Overview
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-27 12:38)
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Immanuel Kant: An Overview Towards the end of his most influential work, Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787), Kant argues that all philosophy ultimately aims at answering these three questions: “What can I know? What should I do? What may I hope?” The book appeared at the beginning of the most productive period of his career, […]
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Meaning of Life, The: Early Continental and Analytic Perspectives
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-27 11:12)
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The Meaning of Life: Early Continental and Analytic Perspectives The question of the meaning of life is one that interests philosophers and non-philosophers alike. The question itself is notoriously ambiguous and possibly vague. In asking about the meaning of life, one may be asking about the essence of life, about life’s purpose, about whether and […]
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Mental Illness, Philosophy of
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-26 14:06)
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Philosophy of Mental Illness The Philosophy of Mental Illness is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines views and methods from the philosophy of mind, psychology, neuroscience, and moral philosophy in order to analyze the nature of mental illness. Philosophers of mental illness are concerned with examining the ontological, epistemological, and normative issues arising from […]
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Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-25 11:17)
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[Revised entry by George di Giovanni on September 24, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Polemicist, socialite, and literary figure, Jacobi was an outspoken critic, first of the rationalism of German late Enlightenment philosophy, then of Kant's Transcendental Idealism, especially in the form that the early Fichte gave to it, and finally of the Romantic...
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Scientific Explanation
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-25 9:19)
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[Revised entry by James Woodward on September 24, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Issues concerning scientific explanation have been a focus of philosophical attention from Pre-Socratic times through the modern period. However, recent discussion really begins with the development of the Deductive-Nomological (DN) model. This model has had...
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Thomas Reid
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-24 12:37)
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[Revised entry by Ryan Nichols and Gideon Yaffe on September 23, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Thomas Reid (1710 - 1796) is a Scottish philosopher best known for his philosophical method, his theory of perception and its wide implications on epistemology, and as the developer and defender of an agent-causal theory of free will. In these and other areas he offers...
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Doctrine of Double Effect
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-24 9:40)
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[Revised entry by Alison McIntyre on September 23, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end. According to the principle of double effect, sometimes it is...
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Al-Ghazali
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-9-23 15:09)
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[Revised entry by Frank Griffel on September 22, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Al-Ghazali (c.1056 - 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics of Sunni Islam. He was active at a time when Sunni theology had just passed through its consolidation and entered a period of intense...
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