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Moral Permissibility of Punishment
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-7 0:48)
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The Moral Permissibility of Punishment The legal institution of punishment presents a distinctive moral challenge because it involves a state’s infliction of intentionally harsh, or burdensome, treatment on some of its memberstreatment that typically would be considered morally impermissible. Most of us would agree, for instance, that it is typically impermissible to imprison people, to […]
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Intentionality
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-6 22:49)
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Intentionality If I think about a piano, something in my thought picks out a piano. If I talk about cigars, something in my speech refers to cigars. This feature of thoughts and words, whereby they pick out, refer to, or are about things, is intentionality. In a word, intentionality is aboutness. Many mental states exhibit […]
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Immutability
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-6 14:12)
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[Revised entry by Brian Leftow on August 5, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The doctrine of divine immutability (DDI) asserts that God cannot undergo real or intrinsic change in any respect. To understand the doctrine, then, we must first understand these kinds of change. Both "intrinsic" and "real" (in the relevant sense)...
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Simone de Beauvoir
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-5 17:23)
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[Revised entry by Debra Bergoffen on August 5, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
There are some thinkers who are, from the very beginning, unambiguously identified as philosophers (e.g., Plato). There are others whose philosophical place is forever contested (e.g., Nietzsche); and there are those who have gradually won the right to be...
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Carl Hempel
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-5 13:00)
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[Revised entry by James Fetzer on August 4, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Carl G. Hempel (1905 - 1997) was the principal proponent of the "covering law" theory of explanation and the paradoxes of confirmation as basic elements the theory of science. A master of philosophical methodology, Hempel pursued explications of initially vague and...
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Philodemus
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-5 12:53)
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[Revised entry by David Blank on August 4, 2014.
Changes to: Main text]
Philodemus of Gadara (ca. 110 - ca. 30 BCE) was an Epicurean philosopher and epigrammatist who, having studied in the Epicurean school at Athens led by Zeno of Sidon, moved to Italy, probably in the 70's BCE. There he may have lived in the Greek town of Naples,...
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Jürgen Habermas
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-5 10:55)
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[Revised entry by James Bohman and William Rehg on August 4, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Jurgen Habermas currently ranks as one of the most influential philosophers in the world. Bridging continental and Anglo-American traditions of thought, he has engaged in debates with thinkers as diverse as Gadamer and Putnam, Foucault and Rawls, Derrida and Brandom....
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Ethical Expressivism
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-4 9:27)
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Ethical Expressivism Broadly speaking, the term “expressivism” refers to a family of views in the philosophy of language according to which the meanings of claims in a particular area of discourse are to be understood in terms of whatever non-cognitive mental states those claims are supposed to express. More specifically, an expressivist theory of claims […]
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Gottfried Leibniz: Philosophy of Mind
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-8-4 7:49)
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Gottfried Leibniz: Philosophy of Mind Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a true polymath: he made substantial contributions to a host of different fields such as mathematics, law, physics, theology, and most subfields of philosophy. Within the philosophy of mind, his chief innovations include his rejection of the Cartesian doctrines that all mental states are conscious […]
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Hermann von Helmholtz
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-31 17:05)
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[Revised entry by Lydia Patton on July 31, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821 - 1894) participated in two of the most significant developments in physics and in the philosophy of science in the 19th century: the proof that Euclidean geometry does not describe the only possible visualizable and physical space, and...
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