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Human/Non-Human Chimeras
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-22 9:44)
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[Revised entry by Robert Streiffer on July 21, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
A chimera is an individual composed of cells with different embryonic origins. The successful isolation of five human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines in 1998 increased scientists' ability to create human/non-human chimeras and prompted extensive bioethics discussion,...
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Kant's Philosophy of Science
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-19 13:31)
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[Revised entry by Eric Watkins and Marius Stan on July 18, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Kant's philosophy of science has received attention from several different audiences and for a variety of reasons. It is of interest to contemporary philosophers of science primarily because of the way in which Kant attempts to articulate a philosophical framework that places substantive conditions on our scientific knowledge of the world while still respecting the autonomy and diverse claims of particular...
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18th Century British Aesthetics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-19 13:11)
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[Revised entry by James Shelley on July 18, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
18th-century British aesthetics addressed itself to a variety of questions: What is the nature of taste? What is the nature of beauty? Is there is a standard of taste and of beauty? What is the relation between the beauty of nature and that of artistic...
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Kant's Philosophy of Religion
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-18 21:23)
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[Revised entry by Lawrence Pasternack and Philip Rossi on July 18, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, supplement.html]
Throughout his career, Immanuel Kant engaged many of the major issues that contemporary philosophy groups together under the heading "philosophy of religion." These include arguments for the existence of God, the attributes of God, the immortality of the soul, the problem of evil, and the relationship of moral principles to religious belief and practice. In the writings from his so-called...
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Conventionality of Simultaneity
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-17 14:10)
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[Revised entry by Allen Janis on July 16, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
In his first paper on the special theory of relativity, Einstein indicated that the question of whether or not two spatially separated events were simultaneous did not necessarily have a definite answer, but instead depended on the adoption of a convention for its...
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The Mathematics of Boolean Algebra
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-15 14:04)
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[Revised entry by J. Donald Monk on July 14, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Boolean algebra is the algebra of two-valued logic with only sentential connectives, or equivalently of algebras of sets under union and complementation. The rigorous concept is that of a certain kind of algebra, analogous to the mathematical notion of a group. This concept has roots and applications in logic (Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras and model theory), set theory (fields of...
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Shem Tov Ibn Falaquera
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-15 13:43)
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[Revised entry by Steve Harvey on July 14, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Shem-Tov ben Joseph ibn Falaquera (ca. 1225 - 1295), sometime poet and Jewish philosopher, is generally overlooked in histories of Jewish philosophy and is not well known even by students in the field; yet few medieval Jewish philosophers matched his learning and knowledge of the writings of the ancient Greek and medieval Islamic and Jewish philosophers. Falaquera's primary goal seems to have been to interest...
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Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-15 13:02)
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[Revised entry by Allan Silverman on July 14, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
Students of Plato and other ancient philosophers divide philosophy into three parts: Ethics, Epistemology and Metaphysics. While generally accurate and certainly useful for pedagogical purposes, no rigid boundary separates the parts. Ethics, for example, concerns how one ought to live and focuses on pleasure, virtue, and happiness. Since, according to Plato (and Socrates), virtue and happiness require...
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Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg [Novalis]
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-12 15:45)
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[Revised entry by Kristin Gjesdal on July 11, 2014.
Changes to: Bibliography]
The philosophical impact of early German romanticism in general and Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) in particular has typically been traced back to a series of fragments and reflections on poetry, art, and beauty. Moreover, his name has been associated with an...
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Wang Yangming
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-12 9:58)
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[New Entry by Bryan Van Norden on July 11, 2014.]
Wang Yangming (1472 - 1529) was a Chinese statesman, general, and Neo - Confucian philosopher. He was one of the leading critics of the orthodox Neo - Confucianism of Zhu Xi (1130 - 1200). Wang is perhaps best known for his doctrine of the "unity of knowing and acting."...
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