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Cognitive Science
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-12 8:12)
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[Revised entry by Paul Thagard on July 11, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its intellectual origins are in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures. Its organizational...
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Everett's Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-8 8:58)
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[Revised entry by Jeffrey Barrett on July 7, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Hugh Everett III's relative-state formulation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to solve the quantum measurement problem by dropping the collapse dynamics from the standard von Neumann-Dirac formulation of quantum mechanics. Everett then wanted to recapture the predictions of the standard collapse theory by explaining why observers nevertheless get determinate measurement records that satisfy the standard quantum...
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Wiredu, Kwasi
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-7 16:05)
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Kwasi Wiredu (1931- ) Kwasi Wiredu is a philosopher from Ghana, who has for decades been involved with a project he terms “conceptual decolonization” in contemporary African systems of thought. By conceptual decolonization, Wiredu advocates a re-examination of current African epistemic formations in order to accomplish two aims. First, he wishes to subvert unsavory aspects […]
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Eugenics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-2 17:57)
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[New Entry by Sara Goering on July 2, 2014.]
"Eugenics" is a term loaded with historical significance and a strong negative valence. Its literal meaning - good birth - suggests a suitable goal for all prospective parents, yet its historical connotations tie it to the selective breeding programs, horrifying concentration camps, medical experiments, and mass exterminations promoted by Germany's Nazi regime in World War II....
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Libertarianism
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-2 13:00)
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[Revised entry by Peter Vallentyne and Bas van der Vossen on July 1, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
In the most general sense, libertarianism is a political philosophy that affirms the rights of individuals to liberty, to acquire, keep, and exchange their holdings, and considers the protection of individual rights the primary role for the state. This entry is on libertarianism in the narrower sense of the moral view that agents initially fully own themselves and have certain moral powers to acquire property rights in external things. For excellent discussion of the liberty tradition more generally (including classical...
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Moral Dilemmas
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-1 13:42)
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[Revised entry by Terrance McConnell on June 30, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Moral dilemmas, at the very least, involve conflicts between moral requirements. Consider the cases given below....
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Jane Addams
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-7-1 13:38)
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[Revised entry by Maurice Hamington on June 30, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Jane Addams (1860 - 1935) can be labeled the first woman "public philosopher" in United States history. The dynamics of canon formation, however, resulted in her philosophical work being largely ignored until the 1990s.[1] Addams is best known for her pioneering work in the social...
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Implicature
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-6-25 3:34)
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[Revised entry by Wayne Davis on June 24, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
"Implicature" denotes either (i) the act of meaning or implying one thing by saying something else, or (ii) the object of that act. Implicatures can be part of sentence meaning or dependent on conversational context, and can be conventional (in different senses) or unconventional. Figures of speech such as metaphor, irony, and understatement provide familiar examples. Implicature serves a...
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Robert Nozick's Political Philosophy
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-6-23 7:58)
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[New Entry by Eric Mack on June 22, 2014.]
Robert Nozick (1938 - 2002) was a renowned American philosopher who first came to be widely known through his 1974 book, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974),[1] which won the National Book Award for Philosophy and Religion in 1975....
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Episteme and Techne
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-6-23 7:55)
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[Revised entry by Richard Parry on June 22, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Episteme is the Greek word most often translated as knowledge, while techne is translated as either craft or art. These translations, however, may inappropriately harbor some of our contemporary assumptions about the relation between theory...
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