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MacIntyre
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-5-1 1:55)
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Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (1929- ) Alasdair MacIntyre is a Scottish born, British educated, moral and political philosopher who has worked in the United States since 1970. His work in ethics and politics reaches across disciplines, drawing on sociology and philosophy of the social sciences as well as Greek and Latin classical literature. MacIntyre began his […]
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Legal Interpretivism
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-30 9:39)
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[Revised entry by Nicos Stavropoulos on April 29, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Interpretivism about law offers a philosophical explanation of how institutional practice - the legally significant action and practices of political institutions - modifies legal rights and obligations. Its core claim is that the way in which institutional practice affects the law is determined by certain principles that explain why the practice should have that role. Interpretation of the...
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Identity
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-26 7:56)
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[Revised entry by Harold Noonan and Ben Curtis on April 25, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Much of the debate about identity in recent decades has been about personal identity, and specifically about personal identity over time, but identity generally, and the identity of things of other kinds, have also attracted attention. Various interrelated problems have been at the centre of discussion, but it is fair to say that recent work has focussed particularly on the following areas: the notion of a criterion...
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Herbert Feigl
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-26 7:24)
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[New Entry by Matthias Neuber on April 25, 2014.]
Herbert Feigl was an Austrian-born logical empiricist philosopher who published the main part of his writings after his emigration to the United States in 1931. To a large extent inspired by the writings of his academic teacher Moritz Schlick, Feigl delivered important contributions to the philosophical analysis of probability, to the debate over scientific realism, and to the analysis of the mind-body...
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Analytic Philosophy in Early Modern India
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-26 6:05)
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[Revised entry by Jonardon Ganeri on April 25, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Two older Indian philosophical traditions, the Nyāya (grounded in Gautama Akapāda's Nyāya-sūtra, c. 100 C.E., and dealing mainly with logic, epistemology, and the theory of debate) and the Vaiśeika (grounded in Kaāda's Vaiśeika-sūtra, c. 100 B.C.E., dealing...
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Introspection
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-25 10:24)
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[Revised entry by Eric Schwitzgebel on April 24, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Introspection, as the term is used in contemporary philosophy of mind, is a means of learning about one's own currently ongoing, or perhaps very recently past, mental states or processes. You can, of course, learn about your own mind in the same way you learn about others' minds - by reading psychology texts, by observing facial expressions (in a mirror), by examining readouts of brain activity, by...
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Auditory Perception
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-25 8:39)
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[Revised entry by Casey O'Callaghan on April 24, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, supplement.html]
Auditory perception raises a host of challenging philosophical questions. What do we hear? What are the objects of hearing? What is the content and phenomenology of audition? Is hearing spatial? How does audition differ from vision and other sense modalities? How does the perception of sounds differ from that of colors and ordinary objects? This entry presents the main debates in this developing area...
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Theories of Meaning
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-24 10:22)
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[Revised entry by Jeff Speaks on April 23, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The term "theory of meaning" has figured, in one way or another, in a great number of philosophical disputes over the last century. Unfortunately, this term has also been used to mean a great number of different things. Here I focus on two sorts of "theory of meaning." The first sort of theory - a semantic theory - is a theory which...
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Aristotle's Ethics
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-22 14:05)
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[Revised entry by Richard Kraut on April 21, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Aristotle conceives of ethical theory as a field distinct from the theoretical sciences. Its methodology must match its subject matter - good action - and must respect the fact that in this field many generalizations hold only for the most part. We study ethics in order to improve our lives, and therefore its principal concern is the nature of human well-being. Aristotle follows Socrates...
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Epicurus
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-4-21 7:29)
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[Revised entry by David Konstan on April 20, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The philosophy of Epicurus (341 - 270 B.C.E.) was a complete and interdependent system, involving a view of the goal of human life (happiness, resulting from absence of physical pain and mental disturbance), an empiricist theory of knowledge (sensations, together with the perception of pleasure and pain, are infallible criteria), a description of nature based on atomistic materialism, and a...
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