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Tense and Aspect
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-1-8 10:19)
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[New Entry by Friedrich Hamm and Oliver Bott on January 7, 2014.]
Time flies like an arrow.... Fruit flies like a banana. (Oettinger 1966) Many languages have grammatical means to indicate the time when an action or event occurs, or when a state or process holds. This phenomenon is called tense. In English, for example, adding the morpheme -ed to the verb walk, to form walked, indicates that the event denoted by the verb occurred before the present time. What is called aspect, on the other hand, deals with the internal constituency of actions, events, states, processes or situations. For instance, it may indicate that an action is completed or still ongoing. English typically uses the -ing form of verbs to indicate ongoing processes, as in He is building a house....
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Dante Alighieri
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-1-7 9:58)
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[Revised entry by Winthrop Wetherbee on January 6, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Dante's engagement with philosophy cannot be studied apart from his vocation as a writer, in which he sought to raise the level of public discourse by educating his countrymen and inspiring them to pursue happiness in the contemplative life. He was one of the most learned Italian laymen of his day, intimately familiar with Aristotelian logic and natural philosophy, theology (he had a special affinity for the...
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Special Obligations
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-1-6 16:15)
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[Revised entry by Diane Jeske on January 5, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Special obligations are obligations owed to some subset of persons, in contrast to natural duties that are owed to all persons simply qua persons. Common sense morality seems to understand us as having special obligations to those to whom we stand in some sort of special relationship, e.g., our friends, our family members, our colleagues, our fellow citizens, and those to whom we have made...
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Michel de Montaigne
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2014-1-4 12:33)
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[Revised entry by Marc Foglia on January 3, 2014.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
Francois Quesnel, "Montaigne", c. 1590, drawing (H. 335 x L. 230 mm),...
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God and Other Necessary Beings
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-29 3:13)
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[Revised entry by Matthew Davidson on December 28, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
It is commonly accepted that there are two sorts of existent entities: those that exist but could have failed to exist, and those that could not have failed to exist. Entities of the first sort are contingent beings; entities of the second sort are necessary beings.[1] We will be concerned with the latter sort of entity in this article....
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Karl Popper: Political Philosophy
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-28 15:54)
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Karl Popper: Political Philosophy Among philosophers, Karl Popper (1902-1994) is best known for his contributions to the philosophy of science and epistemology. Most of his published work addressed philosophical problems in the natural sciences, especially physics; and Popper himself acknowledged that his primary interest was nature and not politics. However, his political thought has arguably […]
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Computational Theory of Mind
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-28 14:07)
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The Computational Theory of Mind The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) claims that the mind is a computer, so the theory is also known as computationalism. It is generally assumed that CTM is the main working hypothesis of cognitive science. CTM is often understood as a specific variant of the Representational Theory of Mind (RTM), […]
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David Hume: Religion
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-25 4:40)
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David Hume: Religion David Hume (1711-1776) was called “Saint David” and “The Good David” by his friends, but his adversaries knew him as “The Great Infidel.” His contributions to religion have had a lasting impact and contemporary significance. Taken individually, Hume gives novel insights into many aspects of revealed and natural theology. When taken together, […]
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Civil Disobedience
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-21 12:48)
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[Revised entry by Kimberley Brownlee on December 20, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
What makes a breach of law an act of civil disobedience? When is civil disobedience morally justified? How should the law respond to people who engage in civil disobedience? Discussions of civil disobedience have tended to focus on the first two of these questions. On the most widely accepted account of civil disobedience, famously defended by John Rawls (1971), civil disobedience is a public,...
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Herbert Marcuse
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-19 14:45)
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[New Entry by Arnold Farr on December 18, 2013.]
Herbert Marcuse (1898 - 1979) was one of the most prominent members of the Frankfurt School or The Institute for Social Research (Institute fur Sozialforschung) in Frankfurt am Main. The Frankfurt School was formed in 1922 but went into exile in the United States in the early 1930s during the reign of the Third Reich. Although most of his colleagues returned to Germany after the World War Two, Marcuse...
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