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Bruno Bauer
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-19 9:35)
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[Revised entry by Douglas Moggach on December 18, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Bruno Bauer (1809 - 1882), philosopher, historian, and theologian. His career falls into two main phases, divided by the Revolutions of 1848. In the 1840s, the period known as the Vormarz or the prelude to the German revolutions of March 1848, Bauer was a leader of the Left-Hegelian movement, developing a republican interpretation of Hegel, which combined ethical and aesthetic motifs. His theory of infinite self-consciousness, derived from Hegel's account of subjective spirit, stressed rational autonomy...
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Social Choice Theory
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-19 9:16)
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[New Entry by Christian List on December 18, 2013.]
Social choice theory is the study of collective decision processes and procedures. It is not a single theory, but a cluster of models and results concerning the aggregation of individual inputs (e.g., votes, preferences, judgments, welfare) into collective outputs (e.g., collective decisions, preferences, judgments, welfare). Central questions are: How can a group of individuals choose a winning outcome...
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Possible Objects
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-17 15:21)
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[Revised entry by Takashi Yagisawa on December 16, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Deep theorizing about possibility requires theorizing about possible objects. One popular approach regards the notion of a possible object as intertwined with the notion of a possible world. There are two widely discussed types of theory concerning the nature of possible worlds: actualist representationism and possibilist realism. They support two opposing views about possible objects. Examination of the ways in which they do so reveals difficulties on both sides. There is another popular approach, which has been influenced by the philosophy...
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Phenomenology
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-17 12:20)
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[Revised entry by David Woodruff Smith on December 16, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being directed toward something, as it is an experience of or about some object. An experience is directed toward an object by virtue of its content or meaning (which represents the object) together with appropriate...
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Parental Rights and Obligations
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-15 12:55)
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Rights and Obligations of Parents Historically, philosophers have had relatively little to say about the family. This is somewhat surprising, given the pervasive presence and influence of the family upon both individuals and social life. Most philosophers who have addressed issues related to the parent-child relationshipKant and Aristotle, for examplehave done so in a fairly […]
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Distributive Justice
from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-15 7:14)
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Distributive Justice Theories of distributive justice seek to specify what is meant by a just distribution of goods among members of society. All liberal theories (in the sense specified below) may be seen as expressions of laissez-faire with compensations for factors that they consider to be morally arbitrary. More specifically, such theories may be interpreted […]
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Philosophy of Technology
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-14 10:34)
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[Revised entry by Maarten Franssen, Gert-Jan Lokhorst, and Ibo van de Poel on December 13, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
If philosophy is the attempt "to understand how things in the broadest possible sense of the term hang together in the broadest possible sense of the term", as Sellars (1962) put it, philosophy should not ignore technology. It is largely by technology that contemporary society hangs together. It is hugely important not only as an economic force but also as a cultural force. Indeed during the last two centuries, when it gradually emerged as a discipline, philosophy of technology has mostly been concerned with the impact of...
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Plato on Knowledge in the Theaetetus
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-13 17:48)
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[Revised entry by Timothy Chappell on December 13, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
This article introduces Plato's dialogue the Theaetetus (section 1), and briefly summarises its plot (section 2). Two leading interpretations of the dialogue, the Unitarian and Revisionist readings, are contrasted in section 3. Sections 4 to 8 explain and discuss the main arguments of the chief divisions of the dialogue. Section 9 provides some afterthoughts about the dialogue as a...
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Kant's Transcendental Arguments
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-12 13:04)
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[Revised entry by Derk Pereboom on December 11, 2013.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Among Immanuel Kant's (1724 - 1804) most influential contributions to philosophy is his development of the transcendental argument. In Kant's conception, an argument of this kind begins with a compelling premise about our thought, experience, or knowledge, and then reasons to a conclusion that is a substantive and unobvious presupposition and necessary condition of this premise. The crucial steps in this...
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Kant and Hume on Causality
from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(2013-12-12 12:38)
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[Revised entry by Graciela De Pierris and Michael Friedman on December 11, 2013.
Changes to: Bibliography, notes.html]
Kant famously attempted to "answer" what he took to be Hume's skeptical view of causality, most explicitly in the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (1783); and, because causality, for Kant, is a central example of a category or pure concept of the understanding, his relationship to Hume on this topic is central to his philosophy as a whole. Moreover, because Hume's...
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