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Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems
(2025-10-9 10:50)
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[Revised entry by Panu Raatikainen on October 8, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Godel's two incompleteness theorems are among the most important results in modern logic, and have deep implications for various issues. They concern the limits of provability in formal axiomatic theories. The first incompleteness theorem states that in any consistent formal system (F) within which a certain amount of arithmetic can be carried out, there are statements of the language of (F) which can neither be proved nor disproved in (F). According to the second incompleteness theorem, such a formal system cannot prove...
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Insolubles
(2025-10-7 21:50)
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[Revised entry by Stephen Read and Paul Vincent Spade on October 7, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
The medieval name for paradoxes like the famous Liar Paradox ("This pro ...
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Authority
(2025-10-7 19:42)
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[Revised entry by Tom Christiano and Stefan Sciaraffa on October 7, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, legitimate-authority.html]
Large social groups face many grave problems, such as vi ...
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Dietrich of Freiberg
(2025-10-7 19:07)
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[Revised entry by Sylvain Roudaut, Véronique Decaix, and Markus Führer on October 7, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The philosopher and theologian Dietrich of Freiberg (c. 1250 - 131 ...
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Empathy
(2025-10-7 15:10)
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[Revised entry by Karsten Stueber on October 6, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html]
The concept of empathy is used to refer to a wide range of psychological capacities that ar ...
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Psychoanalytic Feminism
(2025-10-3 21:18)
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[Revised entry by Claudia Leeb and Emily Zakin on October 3, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
This article will discuss psychoanalytic feminism, not feminist psychoanalysis (i.e., exce ...
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Kant’s Moral Philosophy
(2025-10-3 5:59)
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[Revised entry by Robert Johnson and Adam Cureton on October 2, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) argued that the supreme principle of morality is a principl ...
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Combining Logics
(2025-10-2 10:41)
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[Revised entry by Walter Carnielli and Marcelo Esteban Coniglio on October 1, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The subject of combinations of logics is still a young topic in contempor ...
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Philosophy of Statistics
(2025-10-2 7:25)
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[Revised entry by Jan-Willem Romeijn on October 1, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Statistics investigates and develops specific methods for evaluating hypotheses in the light of empi ...
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Patriotism
(2025-10-1 5:29)
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[Revised entry by Igor Primoratz on September 30, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Patriotism raises questions of the sort philosophers characteristically discuss: How is patriotism to ...
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最終更新日 2025-10-9 6:45
